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+GNU Free Documentation License
+Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
+Copyright
+c 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+http://fsf.org/
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+0. PREAMBLE
+The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and
+useful document free in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom
+to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or non-
+commercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
+to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications
+made by others.
+This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative works of the document
+must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public
+License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
+We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because
+free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals
+providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to
+software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
+whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
+works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
+1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
+This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a
+notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms
+of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in
+duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”,
+below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and
+is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work
+in a way requiring permission under copyright law.
+A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the Document or
+a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into
+another language.
+A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document
+that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document
+to the Document’s overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that
+could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
+textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The
+relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related
+matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
+them.
+The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as
+being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released
+Appendix C: GNU Free Documentation License 193
+under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is
+not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant
+Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
+The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover
+Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under
+this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
+be at most 25 words.
+A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented
+in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for
+revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images com-
+posed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing
+editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to
+a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise
+Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to
+thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image
+format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is
+not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”.
+Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ascii without
+markup, Texinfo input format, LaTEX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly
+available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed
+for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF
+and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited
+only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
+processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML,
+PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
+The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following
+pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the
+title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page”
+means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s title, preceding the
+beginning of the body of the text.
+The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes copies of the Document
+to the public.
+A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document whose title either
+is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in
+another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such
+as “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve
+the Title” of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
+section “Entitled XYZ” according to this definition.
+The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that
+this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to
+be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties:
+any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no
+effect on the meaning of this License.
+2. VERBATIM COPYING
+Appendix C: GNU Free Documentation License 194
+You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or
+noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license
+notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and
+that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
+technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies
+you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.
+If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions
+in section 3.
+You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly
+display copies.
+3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
+If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of
+the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document’s license notice requires
+Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
+these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
+the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher
+of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
+equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
+Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
+Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
+respects.
+If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put
+the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the
+rest onto adjacent pages.
+If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
+you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque
+copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which
+the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network
+protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If
+you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
+distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
+remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time
+you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
+edition to the public.
+It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well
+before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you
+with an updated version of the Document.
+4. MODIFICATIONS
+You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions
+of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely
+this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
+distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of
+it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
+A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
+Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any,
+Appendix C: GNU Free Documentation License 195
+be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as
+a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
+B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for
+authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five
+of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer
+than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
+C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the
+publisher.
+D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
+E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other
+copyright notices.
+F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public
+permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form
+shown in the Addendum below.
+G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover
+Texts given in the Document’s license notice.
+H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
+I. Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, and add to it an item
+stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version
+as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the Docu-
+ment, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document
+as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as
+stated in the previous sentence.
+J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to
+a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in
+the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
+“History” section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published
+at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the
+version it refers to gives permission.
+K. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, Preserve the Title
+of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the
+contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
+L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and
+in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the
+section titles.
+M. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section may not be included
+in the Modified Version.
+N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” or to conflict in
+title with any Invariant Section.
+O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
+If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify
+as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at
+your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
+Appendix C: GNU Free Documentation License 196
+titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These
+titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
+You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains nothing but
+endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties—for example, statements of
+peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
+definition of a standard.
+You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up
+to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified
+Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
+added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
+includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement
+made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but
+you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that
+added the old one.
+The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission
+to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified
+Version.
+5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
+You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License,
+under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you
+include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
+unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license
+notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
+The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical
+Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant
+Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section
+unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or
+publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment
+to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined
+work.
+In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” in the vari-
+ous original documents, forming one section Entitled “History”; likewise combine any
+sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You
+must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements.”
+6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
+You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released
+under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various
+documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you
+follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
+other respects.
+You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individu-
+ally under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted
+document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of
+that document.
+Appendix C: GNU Free Documentation License 197
+7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
+A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent
+documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called
+an “aggregate” if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
+legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. When
+the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other
+works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
+If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document,
+then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover
+Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
+electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they
+must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
+8. TRANSLATION
+Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations
+of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with
+translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may
+include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions
+of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the
+license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you
+also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of
+those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and
+the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
+prevail.
+If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, or “His-
+tory”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require
+changing the actual title.
+9. TERMINATION
+You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly
+provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or
+distribute it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
+However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular
+copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder
+explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
+holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days
+after the cessation.
+Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if
+the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the
+first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
+copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the
+notice.
+Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties
+who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have
+been terminated and not permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the
+same material does not give you any rights to use it.
+Appendix C: GNU Free Documentation License 198
+10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
+The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free
+Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit
+to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
+Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document
+specifies that a particular numbered version of this License “or any later version”
+applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that
+specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by
+the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of
+this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
+Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide which future
+versions of this License can be used, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a
+version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
+11. RELICENSING
+“Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC Site”) means any World Wide
+Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides prominent facilities
+for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of
+such a server. A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or “MMC”) contained in the
+site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.
+“CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license pub-
+lished by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with a principal
+place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft versions of that
+license published by that same organization.
+“Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part, as part
+of another Document.
+An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under this License, and if all works
+that were first published under this License somewhere other than this MMC, and
+subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts
+or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
+The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under
+CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is
+eligible for relicensing.