| --- |
| group: |
| title: 进阶使用 |
| order: 2 |
| title: 服务端渲染 |
| --- |
| |
| 服务端渲染样式有两种方案，它们各有优缺点： |
|
|
| - **内联样式**：在渲染时无需额外请求样式文件，好处是减少额外的网络请求，缺点则是会使得 HTML 体积增大，影响首屏渲染速度，相关讨论参考：[#39891](https://github.com/ant-design/ant-design/issues/39891) |
| - **整体导出**：提前烘焙 antd 组件样式为 css 文件，在页面中时引入。好处是打开任意页面时如传统 css 方案一样都会复用同一套 css 文件以命中缓存，缺点是如果页面中存在多主题，则需要额外进行烘焙 |
|
|
| ## 内联样式 |
|
|
| 使用 `@ant-design/cssinjs` 将所需样式抽离： |
|
|
| ```tsx |
| import React from 'react'; |
| import { createCache, extractStyle, StyleProvider } from '@ant-design/cssinjs'; |
| import type Entity from '@ant-design/cssinjs/es/Cache'; |
| import { renderToString } from 'react-dom/server'; |
| |
| const App = () => { |
| // SSR Render |
| const cache = React.useMemo<Entity>(() => createCache(), []); |
| const html = renderToString( |
| <StyleProvider cache={cache}> |
| <MyApp /> |
| </StyleProvider>, |
| ); |
| |
| // Grab style from cache |
| const styleText = extractStyle(cache); |
| |
| // Mix with style |
| return ` |
| <!DOCTYPE html> |
| <html> |
| <head> |
| ${styleText} |
| </head> |
| <body> |
| <div id="root">${html}</div> |
| </body> |
| </html> |
| `; |
| }; |
| |
| export default App; |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## 整体导出 |
|
|
| 如果你想要将样式文件抽离到 css 文件中，可以尝试使用以下方案： |
|
|
| 1. 安装依赖 |
|
|
| ```bash |
| npm install ts-node tslib cross-env --save-dev |
| ``` |
|
|
| 2. 新增 `tsconfig.node.json` 文件 |
|
|
| ```json |
| { |
| "compilerOptions": { |
| "strictNullChecks": true, |
| "module": "NodeNext", |
| "jsx": "react", |
| "esModuleInterop": true |
| }, |
| "include": ["next-env.d.ts", "**/*.ts", "**/*.tsx"] |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| 3. 新增 `scripts/genAntdCss.tsx` 文件 |
|
|
| ```tsx |
| // scripts/genAntdCss.tsx |
| import fs from 'fs'; |
| import { extractStyle } from '@ant-design/static-style-extract'; |
| |
| const outputPath = './public/antd.min.css'; |
| |
| const css = extractStyle(); |
| |
| fs.writeFileSync(outputPath, css); |
| ``` |
|
|
| 若你想使用混合主题或自定义主题，可采用以下脚本： |
|
|
| ```tsx |
| import fs from 'fs'; |
| import React from 'react'; |
| import { extractStyle } from '@ant-design/static-style-extract'; |
| import { ConfigProvider } from 'antd'; |
| |
| const outputPath = './public/antd.min.css'; |
| |
| const testGreenColor = '#008000'; |
| const testRedColor = '#ff0000'; |
| |
| const css = extractStyle((node) => ( |
| <> |
| <ConfigProvider |
| theme={{ |
| token: { |
| colorBgBase: testGreenColor, |
| }, |
| }} |
| > |
| {node} |
| </ConfigProvider> |
| <ConfigProvider |
| theme={{ |
| token: { |
| colorPrimary: testGreenColor, |
| }, |
| }} |
| > |
| <ConfigProvider |
| theme={{ |
| token: { |
| colorBgBase: testRedColor, |
| }, |
| }} |
| > |
| {node} |
| </ConfigProvider> |
| </ConfigProvider> |
| </> |
| )); |
| |
| fs.writeFileSync(outputPath, css); |
| ``` |
|
|
| 你可以选择在启动开发命令或编译前执行这个脚本，运行上述脚本将会在当前项目的指定（如： public 目录）目录下直接生成一个全量的 antd.min.css 文件。 |
|
|
| 以 Next.js 为例（[参考示例](https://github.com/ant-design/ant-design-examples/tree/main/examples/with-nextjs-inline-style)）： |
|
|
| ```json |
| // package.json |
| { |
| "scripts": { |
| "dev": "next dev", |
| "build": "next build", |
| "start": "next start", |
| "lint": "next lint", |
| "predev": "ts-node --project ./tsconfig.node.json ./scripts/genAntdCss.tsx", |
| "prebuild": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production ts-node --project ./tsconfig.node.json ./scripts/genAntdCss.tsx" |
| } |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| 然后，你只需要在`pages/_app.tsx`文件中引入这个文件即可： |
|
|
| ```tsx |
| import { StyleProvider } from '@ant-design/cssinjs'; |
| import type { AppProps } from 'next/app'; |
| |
| import '../public/antd.min.css'; // 添加这行 |
| import '../styles/globals.css'; |
| |
| export default function App({ Component, pageProps }: AppProps) { |
| return ( |
| <StyleProvider hashPriority="high"> |
| <Component {...pageProps} /> |
| </StyleProvider> |
| ); |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| ### 自定义主题 |
|
|
| 如果你的项目中使用了自定义主题，可以尝试通过以下方式进行烘焙： |
|
|
| ```tsx |
| import { extractStyle } from '@ant-design/static-style-extract'; |
| import { ConfigProvider } from 'antd'; |
| |
| const cssText = extractStyle((node) => ( |
| <ConfigProvider |
| theme={{ |
| token: { |
| colorPrimary: 'red', |
| }, |
| }} |
| > |
| {node} |
| </ConfigProvider> |
| )); |
| ``` |
|
|
| ### 混合主题 |
|
|
| 如果你的项目中使用了混合主题，可以尝试通过以下方式进行烘焙： |
|
|
| ```tsx |
| import { extractStyle } from '@ant-design/static-style-extract'; |
| import { ConfigProvider } from 'antd'; |
| |
| const cssText = extractStyle((node) => ( |
| <> |
| <ConfigProvider |
| theme={{ |
| token: { |
| colorBgBase: 'green ', |
| }, |
| }} |
| > |
| {node} |
| </ConfigProvider> |
| <ConfigProvider |
| theme={{ |
| token: { |
| colorPrimary: 'blue', |
| }, |
| }} |
| > |
| <ConfigProvider |
| theme={{ |
| token: { |
| colorBgBase: 'red ', |
| }, |
| }} |
| > |
| {node} |
| </ConfigProvider> |
| </ConfigProvider> |
| </> |
| )); |
| ``` |
|
|
| 更多`static-style-extract`的实现细节请看：[static-style-extract](https://github.com/ant-design/static-style-extract)。 |
|
|
| ## 按需抽取 |
|
|
| ```tsx |
| // scripts/genAntdCss.tsx |
| import { createHash } from 'crypto'; |
| import fs from 'fs'; |
| import path from 'path'; |
| import { extractStyle } from '@ant-design/cssinjs'; |
| import type Entity from '@ant-design/cssinjs/lib/Cache'; |
| |
| export interface DoExtraStyleOptions { |
| cache: Entity; |
| dir?: string; |
| baseFileName?: string; |
| } |
| |
| export const doExtraStyle = (opts: DoExtraStyleOptions) => { |
| const { cache, dir = 'antd-output', baseFileName = 'antd.min' } = opts; |
| |
| const baseDir = path.resolve(__dirname, '../../static/css'); |
| |
| const outputCssPath = path.join(baseDir, dir); |
| |
| if (!fs.existsSync(outputCssPath)) { |
| fs.mkdirSync(outputCssPath, { recursive: true }); |
| } |
| |
| const css = extractStyle(cache, true); |
| |
| if (!css) { |
| return ''; |
| } |
| |
| const md5 = createHash('md5'); |
| const hash = md5.update(css).digest('hex'); |
| const fileName = `${baseFileName}.${hash.substring(0, 8)}.css`; |
| const fullpath = path.join(outputCssPath, fileName); |
| |
| const res = `_next/static/css/${dir}/${fileName}`; |
| |
| if (fs.existsSync(fullpath)) { |
| return res; |
| } |
| |
| fs.writeFileSync(fullpath, css); |
| |
| return res; |
| }; |
| ``` |
|
|
| 在 `_document.tsx` 中使用上述工具进行按需导出： |
|
|
| ```tsx |
| // _document.tsx |
| import { createCache, StyleProvider } from '@ant-design/cssinjs'; |
| import type { DocumentContext } from 'next/document'; |
| import Document, { Head, Html, Main, NextScript } from 'next/document'; |
| |
| import { doExtraStyle } from '../scripts/genAntdCss'; |
| |
| export default class MyDocument extends Document { |
| static async getInitialProps(ctx: DocumentContext) { |
| const cache = createCache(); |
| let fileName = ''; |
| const originalRenderPage = ctx.renderPage; |
| ctx.renderPage = () => |
| originalRenderPage({ |
| enhanceApp: (App) => (props) => ( |
| <StyleProvider cache={cache}> |
| <App {...props} /> |
| </StyleProvider> |
| ), |
| }); |
| |
| const initialProps = await Document.getInitialProps(ctx); |
| // 1.1 extract style which had been used |
| fileName = doExtraStyle({ |
| cache, |
| }); |
| return { |
| ...initialProps, |
| styles: ( |
| <> |
| {initialProps.styles} |
| {/* 1.2 inject css */} |
| {fileName && <link rel="stylesheet" href={`/${fileName}`} />} |
| </> |
| ), |
| }; |
| } |
| |
| render() { |
| return ( |
| <Html lang="en"> |
| <Head /> |
| <body> |
| <Main /> |
| <NextScript /> |
| </body> |
| </Html> |
| ); |
| } |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| 演示示例请看：[按需抽取样式示例](https://github.com/ant-design/ant-design-examples/tree/main/examples/with-nextjs-generate-css-on-demand) |
|
|
